Ukushisela izingxenye ezibalulekile, ukushisela kwensimbi ye-alloy kanye nokushisela izingxenye eziwugqinsi konke kudinga ukushisa ngaphambi kokushisela.Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokushisa ngaphambi kokushisela imi kanje:
(1) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa ngemva kokushisela, okusiza ekuphumeni kwe-hydrogen ehlakazekayo kunsimbi yokushisela futhi kugweme imifantu eyenziwe yi-hydrogen.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokuqina kwe-weld kanye nendawo ethintekayo ekushiseni iyancishiswa, futhi ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe kuyathuthukiswa.
(2) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisela.Ukushisa kwasendaweni okufanayo noma ukushisa kuqala sekukonke kunganciphisa umehluko wezinga lokushisa (okwaziwa nangokuthi i-temperature gradient) phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza ezizoshiselwa endaweni yokushisela.Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kuyancishiswa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokucindezeleka kwe-welding liyancipha, okuzuzisa ukugwema imifantu yokushisela.
(3) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwesakhiwo esishiselwe, ikakhulukazi ukuvinjelwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-fillet.Ngokukhula kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa, izigameko zokuqhekeka ziyancipha.
Ukukhethwa kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kanye nokushisa kwe-interpass akuhlobene kuphela nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kanye ne-electrode, kodwa futhi nokuqina kwesakhiwo esishiselwe, indlela yokushisela, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, njll., okufanele kunqunywe ngemva kokucatshangelwa okuphelele kwalezi izici.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa endaweni yokuqina kweshidi lensimbi kanye nokufana endaweni ye-weld kunethonya elibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kokushisela.Ububanzi be-preheating yendawo kufanele bunqunywe ngokuvumelana nokuvinjelwa kwe-workpiece okufanele ifakwe.Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube ukujiya kodonga oluphindwe kathathu endaweni yokushisela, futhi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-150-200 mm.Uma i-preheating ingafani, esikhundleni sokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding, kuzokwandisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding.
Kunezinhloso ezintathu zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld: ukuqeda i-hydrogen, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwe-welding, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo se-weld nokusebenza okuphelele.
Ukwelashwa kwe-post-weld dehydrogenation kubhekisela ekushiseni okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngemva kokuba ukushisela sekuqediwe futhi ukushisela akukakapholiswa kube ngaphansi kuka-100 °C.Incazelo evamile ukushisa ku-200 ~ 350 ℃ futhi uyigcine amahora angu-2-6.Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-post-weld hydrogen ukuqedwa ukusheshisa ukuphuma kwe-hydrogen endaweni ethinteke kakhulu ekushiseleni nasekushiseni, okusebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni imifantu yokushisela ngesikhathi sokushiselwa kwezinsimbi ezine-alloy ephansi.
Phakathi nenqubo ye-welding, ngenxa yokungafani kokushisa nokupholisa, kanye nokuvinjelwa noma ukuvinjelwa kwangaphandle kwengxenye ngokwayo, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kuyohlale kukhiqizwa engxenyeni ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi we-welding.Ukuba khona kokucindezeleka kwe-welding engxenyeni kuzonciphisa amandla okuthwala wangempela wendawo ehlangene ehlanganisiwe, kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki, futhi kuholele ekulimaleni kwengxenye ezimweni ezinzima.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokunciphisa ingcindezi kungukunciphisa amandla okukhiqiza we-workpiece eshiselwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuphumuza ingcindezi yokushisela.Kunezindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa: enye i-temperature ephezulu yokushisa, okungukuthi, yonke i-weldment ifakwa esithandweni sokushisa, ishise kancane kancane ibe yizinga lokushisa elithile, bese igcinwa isikhathi esithile, futhi ekugcineni ipholiswe emoyeni noma esithandweni.
Ngale ndlela, i-80% -90% yengcindezi yokushisela ingaqedwa.Enye indlela yindawo yokushisa ephezulu yendawo, okungukuthi, ukushisa kuphela i-weld kanye nendawo ezungezile, bese ipholisa kancane kancane, inciphisa inani eliphakeme lokucindezeleka kokushisela, okwenza ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kube flat kuqhathaniswa, futhi kuqede ingxenye ukucindezeleka kokushisela.
Ngemva kokuba ezinye izinto zensimbi ye-alloy zishiselwe, amalunga abo ahlanganisiwe azovela isakhiwo esiqinile, esizowohloka izakhiwo zemishini yezinto.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo esiqinile singase siholele ekubhujisweni kwesihlanganisi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye ne-hydrogen.Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukwakheka kwe-metallographic yejoyinti kuyathuthukiswa, ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina kwejoyinti elishiselwe kuyathuthukiswa, futhi izici ezibanzi zemishini yokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe ziyathuthukiswa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Dehydrogenation ukugcina ukufudumala isikhathi esithile ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa elingama-300 kuya ku-400 degrees.Inhloso ukusheshisa ukuphuma kwe-hydrogen endaweni ehlanganisiwe eshiselwe, futhi umphumela wokwelashwa kwe-dehydrogenation ungcono kunokushisa okuphansi kwangemuva kokushisisa.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-welding kanye ne-post-weld, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi emva kokushisa kanye ne-dehydrogenation ngemva kokushisela kungenye yezinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokuvimbela imifantu ebandayo ekushiseni.Imifantu eyenziwe nge-hydrogen edalwe ukunqwabelana kwe-hydrogen ku-multi-pass kanye ne-multi-layer welding yamapuleti aminyene kufanele iphathwe nge-2 kuya ku-3 yokwelapha yokukhipha i-hydrogen emaphakathi.
Ukucatshangelwa Kokwelashwa Kokushisa Kumklamo Womkhumbi Wengcindezi
Ukucatshangelwa Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Emshinini Wokuklama Ukushisa Ukwelashwa, njengendlela yendabuko nephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa nokubuyisela izakhiwo zensimbi, bekulokhu kuyisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni imikhumbi yokucindezela.
Imikhumbi yokucindezela ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezine zokwelapha ukushisa:
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld (ukwelashwa kokushisa kokucindezeleka);ukwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo;ukwelashwa kokushisa ukubuyisela izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo;ukwelashwa kwe-post-weld hydrogen ukuqedwa.Okugxilwe lapha ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezihlobene nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld, okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi yokucindezela.
1. Ingabe umkhumbi we-austenitic wensimbi engenasici udinga ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kwe-weld?Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld ukusebenzisa ukuncishiswa komkhawulo wesivuno sezinto zensimbi ekushiseni okuphezulu ukukhiqiza ukugeleza kwepulasitiki endaweni lapho ukucindezeleka kuphezulu, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuqeda ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo Kungathuthukisa ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina kwamalunga ashiselwe nendawo ethintekile ukushisa, futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi.Le ndlela yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-carbon steel, imikhumbi yensimbi ephansi ye-alloy ene-cubic crystal structure egxile emzimbeni.
Isakhiwo sekristalu sensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic siyi-cubic egxile ebusweni.Njengoba impahla yensimbi yesakhiwo se-cubic crystal egxile ebusweni inezindiza ezishelelayo eziningi kune-cubic egxile emzimbeni, ikhombisa ukuqina okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokuqinisa ubunzima.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi yokucindezela, insimbi engagqwali ivame ukukhethwa ngezinhloso ezimbili zokulwa nokubola nokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile zokushisa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi engagqwali iyabiza uma iqhathaniswa ne-carbon steel kanye nensimbi ye-low-alloy, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bayo bodonga ngeke bube phezulu kakhulu.obukhulu.
Ngakho-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukuphepha kokusebenza okujwayelekile, asikho isidingo sezidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld yemikhumbi ye-austenitic stainless steel pressure.
Ngokuqondene nokugqwala ngenxa yokusetshenziswa, ukuntengantenga kwempahla, njengokuwohloka okubangelwa izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile njengokukhathala, umthwalo womthelela, njll., kunzima ukucabangela ekwakhiweni okuvamile.Uma lezi zimo zikhona, izisebenzi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezifanele (njengalezi: ukuklama, ukusetshenziswa, ucwaningo lwesayensi nezinye izingxenye ezithintekayo) kudingeka zenze ucwaningo olunzulu, izivivinyo zokuqhathanisa, futhi ziqhamuke nohlelo lokwelapha ukushisa olungenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konke ukusebenza kwesevisi yomkhumbi wokucindezela akuthinteki.
Uma kungenjalo, uma isidingo kanye nokwenzeka kokwelashwa kokushisa kwemikhumbi ye-austenitic stainless steel pressure kungacatshangwa ngokugcwele, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukwenza izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-austenitic stainless steel ngokufanisa ne-carbon steel ne-low alloy steel.
Ezingeni lamanje, izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushiswa kwemikhumbi yensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic azicacile.Kubalulwe ku-GB150: “Ngaphandle kwalapho kucaciswe ngenye indlela emidwebeni, amakhanda ensimbi engenasici e-austenitic eyakhiwe ngendlela ebandayo angeke aphathwe ukushisa”.
Ngokuqondene nokuthi ukwelashwa okushisa kwenziwa kwezinye izimo, kungase kuhluke ngokuvumelana nokuqonda kwabantu abahlukene.Kubekwe ku-GB150 ukuthi isiqukathi nezingxenye zaso zokucindezela kuhlangabezana nenye yalezi zimo ezilandelayo futhi kufanele kuphathwe ukushisa.Eyesibili neyesithathu yilezi: “Iziqukathi ezinokugqwala kwengcindezi, njengeziqukathi eziqukethe i-liquefied petroleum gas, liquid ammonia, njll.kanye “Neziqukathi eziqukethe imidiya enobuthi obukhulu kakhulu”.
Kubekwe kuyo kuphela: "Ngaphandle kwalapho kuchazwe ngenye indlela emidwebeni, amalunga ahlanganisiwe ensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic angeke aphathwe ukushisa".
Kusuka ezingeni lenkulumo evamile, le mfuneko kufanele iqondwe njengengokuyinhloko ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezisohlwini lwento yokuqala.Izimo ezishiwo ngenhla zesibili nezesithathu zingase zingafakwa ngempela.
Ngale ndlela, izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld ye-austenitic stainless steel stainless pressure imikhumbi ingavezwa ngokuningiliziwe nangokunembile, ukuze abaklami bakwazi ukunquma ukuthi futhi kanjani ukushisa ukwelashwa kwe-austenitic stainless stainless pressure imikhumbi ngokusho kwesimo sangempela.
I-Athikili 74 yohlelo lwama-99 lwe- "Capacity Regulations" isho ngokucacile: "I-Austenitic stainless steel or non-ferrous metal pressure vessel ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokushisela.Uma ukwelapha ukushisa kuyadingeka ngezidingo ezikhethekile, kufanele kukhonjiswe emdwebeni.”
2. Ukwelashwa okushisayo kweziqukathi zamapuleti ensimbi engenasici eqhumayo Iziqhumane zensimbi engenasici zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yemikhumbi yokucindezela ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwazo okuhle kakhulu, inhlanganisela ephelele yamandla emishini kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko ezifanele.Izinkinga zokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele futhi zilethwe ekunakekeleni abaklami bemikhumbi yokucindezela.
Inkomba yobuchwepheshe abaklami bemikhumbi yokucindezela abavame ukunamathisela ukubaluleka kwayo kumaphaneli ayinhlanganisela izinga layo lokubopha, kuyilapho ukuphathwa kokushisa kwamaphaneli ayinhlanganisela ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuncane kakhulu noma kufanele kucatshangelwe izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezifanele kanye nabakhiqizi.Inqubo yokuqhumisa amaphaneli ayinhlanganisela yensimbi empeleni iyinqubo yokusebenzisa amandla endaweni yensimbi.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-high-speed pulse, into eyinhlanganisela ingqubuzana nesisekelo sezinto ngokugobile, futhi esimweni sejethi yensimbi, ukusebenzelana okuhlanganisiwe okumazombezombe kwakhiwa phakathi kwensimbi eboshwe kanye nesisekelo sensimbi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-athomu.
Isisekelo sensimbi ngemva kokucubungula ukuqhuma empeleni singaphansi kwenqubo yokuqinisa ubunzima.
Ngenxa yalokho, amandla aqinile σb ayanda, inkomba yepulasitiki iyancipha, futhi inani lamandla esivuno σs alibonakali.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Q235 yochungechunge lwensimbi noma i-16MnR, ngemva kokucubungula ukuqhuma bese ihlola izakhiwo zayo ezisebenza ngomshini, konke kubonisa into engenhla yokuqinisa ubunzima.Mayelana nalokhu, kokubili i-titanium-steel clad plate kanye ne-nickel-steel clad plate kudinga ukuthi i-clad plate ibhekane nokwelashwa kokushisa okudambisa ingcindezi ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kokuqhuma.
Uhlelo lwama-99 lwe-"capacity gauge" nalo linemithethonqubo ecacile kulokhu, kodwa ayikho imithetho enjalo eyenzelwe ukuqhuma kwepuleti lensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic eqhumayo.
Ezindinganisweni zamanje ezifanele zobuchwepheshe, umbuzo wokuthi kufanele uphathwe kanjani futhi kanjani i-austenitic stainless steel plate ngemva kokucubungula ukuqhuma awucacile.
I-GB8165-87 “I-Stainless Steel Clad Steel Plate” iyabeka: “Ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano phakathi komphakeli nomthengi, ingalethwa futhi isesimweni esishisayo noma esimweni esiphethwe ukushisa.”Ihlinzekelwe ukulinganisa, ukusika noma ukusika.Uma ucelwa, indawo eyinhlanganisela ingavunwa, ifakwe emanzini noma ipholishwe, futhi ingahlinzekwa esimweni esiphethwe ukushisa.”
Akukho okushiwo ukuthi ukwelashwa kokushisa kwenziwa kanjani.Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo kuseyinkinga eshiwo ngenhla yezifunda ezizwelayo lapho i-austenitic stainless steel ikhiqiza ukugqwala kwe-intergranular.
I-GB8547-87 “I-Titanium-steel clad plate” ibeka ukuthi isistimu yokwelapha ukushisa yokwelashwa kokushisa kwengcindezi ye-titanium-steel clad plate ithi: 540 ℃ ± 25 ℃, ukugcinwa kokushisa amahora angu-3.Futhi leli zinga lokushisa likubanga lokushisa lokuzwela le-austenitic stainless steel (400℃–850℃).
Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukunikeza imithethonqubo ecacile yokwelashwa kokushisa kwamashidi ensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic eqhumayo.Mayelana nalokhu, abaklami bethu bemikhumbi yokucindezela kufanele babe nokuqonda okucacile, banake ngokwanele, futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo.
Okokuqala, i-1Cr18Ni9Ti akufanele isetshenziselwe insimbi engagqwali, ngoba uma iqhathaniswa ne-low-carbon austenitic stainless steel 0Cr18Ni9, okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni kuphezulu, ukuzwela kungenzeka kwenzeke, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kuyancipha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho igobolondo lomkhumbi wengcindezi kanye nekhanda elenziwe ngepuleti lensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic eqhumayo lisetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima, njengokuthi: ukucindezela okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi, kanye nemidiya eyingozi kakhulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe i-00Cr17Ni14Mo2.Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-carbon austenitic eziphansi kakhulu zinciphisa amathuba okuzwela.
Izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwamaphaneli ayinhlanganisela kufanele zibekwe phambili ngokucacile, futhi uhlelo lokwelapha ukushisa kufanele lunqunywe ngokubonisana nezinhlangothi ezifanele, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokuthi impahla eyisisekelo inenani elithile le-plastic reserve futhi into eyinhlanganisela ine edingekayo ukumelana nokugqwala.
3. Ingabe ezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni sokwelashwa kokushisa kukonke kwemishini?Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwezimo zomkhiqizi kanye nokucatshangelwa kwezithakazelo zezomnotho, abantu abaningi baye bahlola ezinye izindlela zokushintsha ukwelashwa kokushisa okuphelele kwemikhumbi yokucindezela.Nakuba lokhu kuhlola kunenzuzo futhi kuyigugu, kodwa okwamanje Akuyona indawo yokwelashwa okuphelele kokushisa kwemikhumbi yokucindezela.
Izidingo zokwelashwa kokushisa okuhlangene azikaxegiswa kumazinga nezinqubo ezisebenzayo njengamanje.Phakathi kwezindlela ezihlukile zokwelapha ukushisa okujwayelekile, okujwayelekile kakhulu yilezi: ukwelashwa kokushisa kwendawo, indlela yokusando yokuqeda ukucindezeleka kwensalela yokushisela, indlela yokuqhuma yokuqeda ukucindezeleka okusalayo kokushisela nendlela yokudlidliza, indlela yokugeza amanzi ashisayo, njll.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuyingxenye: Kubalulwe ku-10.4.5.3 we-GB150-1998 “Izitsha Zokucindezela Zensimbi”: “B, C, D amajoyinti ashiselwe, Uhlobo lwamajoyinti ashiselwe axhuma ikhanda eliyindilinga nesilinda kanye nezingxenye zokulungisa i-welding ezinesici zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. ukwelashwa okushisa okuyingxenye.Indlela yokwelapha ukushisa.”Lo mthethonqubo usho ukuthi indlela yokwelapha ukushisa kwendawo ayivunyelwe ku-Class A weld ku-cylinder, okungukuthi: yonke imishini ayivunyelwe ukusebenzisa indlela yokwelapha ukushisa kwendawo, esinye sezizathu ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual ayikwazi isuswe symmetrically.
Indlela ye-hammering iqeda ukucindezelwa kwensalela yokushisela: okungukuthi, ngokusando ngesandla, ukucindezelwa kwe-lamination kubekwa phezulu phezu kwejoyinti elishiselwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kancane umphumela omubi wokucindezeleka okusalayo.
Empeleni, le ndlela inomphumela othile ovimbelayo ekuvimbeleni ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi azikho izinkomba zobuningi kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza eziqinile ohlelweni lokusebenza olusebenzayo, futhi umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa wokuqhathanisa nokusetshenziswa awanele, awukamukelwa yizinga lamanje.
Indlela yokuqhuma yokuqeda ukucindezelwa kwensalela ye-welding: Isiqhumane senziwe ngokukhethekile ngesimo se-tape, futhi udonga lwangaphakathi lwemishini lunamathele ebusweni bokuhlanganyela okushiselwe.Umshini uyafana nalowo wendlela yesando yokuqeda ukucindezeleka okusalayo kokushisela.
Kuthiwa le ndlela ingavala ukushiyeka kwendlela yokushaya ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwensalela yokushisela.Kodwa-ke, amanye amayunithi asebenzise ukwelashwa okuphelele kokushisa kanye nendlela yokuqhuma ukuze aqede ukucindezelwa kwensalela yokushisela kumathangi amabili okugcina e-LPG anezimo ezifanayo.Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ukuhlolwa kokuvula ithangi kwathola ukuthi amalunga ashiselwe angaphambili ayeqinile, kuyilapho amalunga ashiselwe ethangini lokugcina ukucindezeleka kwawo okuyinsalela kwaqedwa indlela yokuqhuma kwabonisa imifantu eminingi.Ngale ndlela, indlela yokuqhuma eyake yathandwa ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwensalela yokushisela ithule.
Kunezinye izindlela zokushisela impumuzo yensalela yokucindezeleka, okuthi ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ayizange yamukelwe imboni yemikhumbi yokucindezela.Ngamafuphi, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld jikelele kwemikhumbi yokucindezela (kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kokushisa okuncane esithandweni) kunobubi bokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo omude, futhi kubhekana nobunzima obuhlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwangempela ngenxa yezici ezifana isakhiwo somkhumbi wokucindezela, kodwa kuseyimboni yamanje yomkhumbi wengcindezi.Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqeda ukucindezelwa kokushisela okusalayo okwamukelekayo kuzo zonke izici.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2022